Screening Plagiarism

Every submission is checked with plagiarism-detection software before peer review and again before publication.

• The overall similarity index must not exceed 20% (excluding bibliography and quotations properly marked), with no single source above 3%.
• Manuscripts above the threshold are returned to the authors or rejected; verbatim copying without citation is rejected regardless of percentage.
• Plagiarism discovered after publication is handled according to the misconduct procedure and may lead to retraction.